Which financial statement would you examine to assess profitability over a period?

• A. Income Statement
• B. Balance Sheet
• C. Cash Flow Statement
• D. Statement of Changes in Equity

Answer: (A)

Profitability over a period is shown by the income statement, because this report records all revenues earned and expenses incurred during that span, yielding net income (profit) or loss. It is structured around a specific time interval—monthly, quarterly, or yearly—so it directly reflects how much profit the business generated in that period. Other statements serve different purposes: the balance sheet captures what the company owns and owes at a single moment in time, not how much profit was made over the period; the cash flow statement tracks actual cash movements, focusing on liquidity rather than profitability; and the statement of changes in equity shows how equity components, including retained earnings, changed over the period but does not itself summarize profit and loss. So, to assess profitability over a period, the income statement is the most informative.